Overfitting is a common problem in machine learning when a model is trained to fit the training data too closely and therefore, it performs poorly on unseen data. This occurs when a model has too many parameters and is able to memorize the training data instead of generalizing to new data. As a result, the model has high accuracy on the training set but low accuracy on out-of-sample data set.
Overfitting can be prevented by complexity reduction, where a penalty value is imposed for every feature used by the model. This forces the model to only include features that reduce the out-of-sample error.
Overfitting occurs when the machine learns the input and output data too exactly, treats noise as true parameters, and identifies false or unsubstantiated patterns and relationships.
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Have you ever gotten stuck in your study because you can’t remember a formula, or what a specific term means? Now, say goodbye to scanning through all the videos and ploughing through pages and pages just to find what you are looking for. All the important formulas, definitions and diagrams you need for the exam are now at your fingertips at prepnuggets.com/glossary.
What’s more, these quick references are deeply integrated in our lessons, so you get a good idea of what the lesson covers even before watching the video. The references also point you to specific video lessons where it is covered, so you can quickly access the corresponding video to learn more about the term.
Available now for all Level I topics, this service is exclusive for our Premium and Pro members only. We will progressively add the rest of the topic areas over the next few months.
We think this is a game-changer for your CFA success!
Welcome to PrepNuggets
Hey visitor,
Are you a CFA Level I candidate, or someone who is exploring taking the CFA exam? Four years ago, I was in your shoes. I am a Computer Engineering graduate and have been working as an engineer all my life. Having developed a keen interest in finance, I decided on a career switch to the finance field and enrolled into the CFA program at the same time.
Was it tough? You bet!
Adjusting to the drastic career change was tough. I naturally neglected the preparation for my Level I exam in June 2014. It was not until the middle of March 2014 that I realized I only had a little more than 2 months to the exam. To compound my problems, I basically did not have a preparation strategy. Having no background in finance at all, I tried very hard to read the curriculum from cover to cover, but eventually that fell flat. I can still recall the number of times I dozed off while studying, or just going back and forth trying to understand even the simplest concept. My mind simply could not keep up after a hard day at work.
Does all these sound familiar to you? Well, take heart. No matter how bleak it seems, at least sit for the exam and treat it as a learning experience. That was basically my attitude as I burrowed through my exam prep with toil and stress. By God’s grace, I did pass my Level I exam in June 2014. It was an experience I would not want to revisit though.
Tweaking the approach
For the Level II exam, I endeavoured not to repeat the mistakes I made. Based on the Pareto 80/20 principle, I learnt to extract the most essential bits from the curriculum enough to give me that 80% result to pass. Being a visual learner, I took notes and summaries in pictorial form. Instead of reserving huge segments of time to study, I carved out pockets of time to learn and practise – accommodating to my full-time job. I managed to pass my Level II and Level III exams consecutively with considerably less effort and stress than when I did my level I.
Why PrepNuggets?
I love the CFA Program and truly value the skills and ethics that are imparted to make me a better finance professional. My desire is to help candidates who are keen to pursue this path to do so in the most effective and painless process as possible – based on the lessons that I learnt as a candidate. I have set up PrepNuggets with the vision to revolutionise learning by using technology, catering to the short attention span that we can afford. If this makes sense to you, join the PrepNuggets community by signing up for your free student account. I am confident that the materials that we have laboriously crafted will bring you closer to that dream pass with just that 20% effort. Let us do the hard work for you.
Regards,
Keith Tan, CFA
Founder and Chief Instructor
PrepNuggets
About the Author
PrepNuggets
Keith is the founder and chief instructor of PrepNuggets. He has a wide range of interests in all things related to tech, from web development to e-learning, gadgets to apps. Keith loves exploring different cultures and the untouched gems around the world. He currently lives in Singapore but frequently travels to share his knowledge and expertise with others.
